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ACS (American Chemical Society): Citing Your Sources

How to Format In-Text Citations

Used for printed versions of ACS publications. When printed, the superscript numbers remain visible and are less distracting to the reader than parenthetical numbering.

  • At the end of the cited information:

    Fluoridated water as well as various fluroide products such as toothpaste provide fluoride ions necessary for remineralization.¹

  • Within the cited information:

    Rakita¹ states that fluroidated water as well as various fluoride products such as toothpaste provide fluoride ions necessary for remineralization.

Used when preparing manuscripts and submissions for ACS journals and books to be viewed digitally because it is easier to click on the numbers to view the full references. (1).

  • At the end of the cited information:

    Fluoridated water as well as various fluoride products such as toothpaste provide fluoride ions necessary for remineralization (1).

  • Within the cited information:

    Rakita (1) states that fluoridated water as well as various fluoride products such as toothpaste provide fluoride ions necessary for remineralization.

Not currently used in ACS publications.

Note: for two authors, use "and": Rakita and Smith. For more than two authors use "et al.": Rakita et al.

  • At the end of the cited information:

    Fluoridated water as well as various fluoride products such as toothpaste provide fluoride ions necessary for remineralization (Rakita, 2004).

  • Within the cited information:

    Rakita states that fluoridated water as well as various fluoride products such as toothpaste provide fluoride ions necessary for remineralization (2004).